“Q” HYPOTHETICAL GOSPEL EXAMINED

A. Ralph Johnson

“Q” is a hypothetical source document which it is claimed that Matthew and Luke drew upon for information not found in Mark. 

The basis for this begins with the claim of the priority of Mark—the speculation that Matthew and Luke relied upon Mark for much of their material.  The early church fathers (Augustine, Jerome, Eusebius, Origen and Irenaeus) believed that Matthew was written first.  In 1786 Gottlob Storr advanced the view that Mark was written first.  In 1835 Karl Lachmann compared the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke) and noted that while Matthew often agreed with Mark against Luke in the order of passages and Luke agreed frequently with Mark against Matthew, Matthew and Luke rarely agreed with each other against Mark.  From this he suggested that Mark best preserved the order of Jesus's ministry, followed by others who further refined the theory.  Mark’s account is more condensed, not containing many things found in Matthew and Luke.  It is thought more likely that Matthew and Luke would have added material from other sources (as with the birth of Jesus, though different in those two Gospels), rather than that Mark would have omitted much of the important material found in Matthew and Luke.

If Matthew and Luke drew from Mark then one must account for where Matthew and Luke got their material not found in Mark.  It is not satisfactory to simply attribute all of this to personal observation or divine revelation.  Matthew and Luke were not present at the birth of Jesus, and Luke accounts for his information as having been researched from others.

Luke 1:1-4  Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to draw up a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us,  ² even as they delivered them unto us, who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word,  ³ it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus;  ⁴ that thou mightest know the certainty concerning the things wherein thou wast instructed.

The hypothetical source document is called “Q” (German for Quelle, “Source”).  Exactness in wording in some passages (Matt. 6:24 = Luke 16:13; Matt. 7:7-8 = Luke 11:9-10)  and Luke suggests that such a source must have been written.

However, there are serious problems.

1.   The “Q” document has never been found.

“Thus Q is a hypothetical document: no copy of it has ever been found.  It is therefore possible to deny that it existed and some scholars do not accept the Q hypothesis.”  --Marcus Borg in The Lost Gospel Q

2.   If the ancient view that Matthew was prior, and Luke drew information from it and Mark, “Q” disappears. 

3.   There is much disagreement between scholars on what was supposedly contained in “Q.”

4.   The various books written in favor of the existence of “Q” are inconsistent and violate their own premise, including things from Mark or things only found in Matthew or Luke.

5.   In many cases the quotations and incidents are so different as to have possibly been from the actual occurrence rather than quoting from each other.

6.   The most glaring problem of the “Q” hypothesis is exclusion of things contained in all three gospels—especially the crucifixion narrative.  Such a claim is utterly arbitrary and flies in the face of the obvious fact that one cannot know that what is in all three Gospels was not in “Q.”  Nay, the importance of the crucifixion is of such central focus of Jesus’ Life that the overwhelming probability is that it would have been included. It was prophesied in the Old Testament.  It is also included in the Gospel of John. It was included in other writings of the New Testament.  And, it was cited in Jewish, Roman and Christian literature subsequent to the event.  That does not prove there was no “Q” source but it certainly indicates the overwhelming probability that if there was a “Q” document it included those things which all three include—especially the crucifixion.

The obvious arbitrary bias of these “scholars” casts great doubt on their reliability.  They mostly reject the inspired nature and accuracy of the scriptural accounts while eagerly embracing the most questionable speculations and sources such as “The Gospel of Thomas” as being prior to Matthew and Luke and accurately representing earliest Christian thought.  That document, is a list of quotations, mostly from the Synoptic Gospels, from later Gnostic sources.

NOTATIONS AND HIGHLIGHTING

Yellow in Matthew and Luke indicates parallel words between them. 

Yellow in Mark indicates words found in Matthew, Mark and Luke.

Underlining indicates words in Matthew or Luke, found in Mark but not in the other gospel.

“B” = Marcus Borg

“K” = Kummel

“M” = Burton L. Mack

“V” = Robert E Van Voorst, “Jesus Outside the New Testament

 < >  = “Scholarly conjecture where textual material is no longer extant.

  [ ]  =  Translator’s Note

{~Ralph Johnson notes}

Matthew	Mark	Luke
		M-1: <These are the teachings of Jesus.>
		M-2 [ The Q2 addition of the John material erased the original introduction to Jesus and his teachings.  See K-7]
		M-3 The appearance of John <John appeared in the countryside along the Jordan river .>
B-1; Mt. 3:1-3 Matthew 3:1-3 1 And in those days cometh John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judaea, saying, 2 Repent ye; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.  3 For this is he that was spoken of through Isaiah the prophet, saying, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ye ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.	{~Inconsistent.  Included in Mark.} Mark  1: 1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.  2 Even as it is written in Isaiah the prophet, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, Who shall prepare thy way.  3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight;	B-1 Luke 3:2b-4 Luke 3:2-4 2 in the high-priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. 3 And he came into all the region round about the Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance unto remission of sins; 4 as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make ye ready the way of the Lord, Make his paths straight.
B-2 Mt 3:5-6 {Matthew 3:5-6 5 Then went out unto him Jerusalem, and all Judaea, and all the region round about the Jordan; 6 and they were baptized of him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins.		B-2 Luke 3:7-11 7 Then said he to the multitude that came forth to be baptized of him,
K: Mt 3:7-12 1 Baptist's Preaching B-2: Matthew 3:7-10 M-3: Matthew 3:7-10 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to where he was baptizing, {he said to them: "You offspring of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. 9 And do not think you can say to yourselves, `We have Abraham as our father.' I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. 10 The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire}	{~Note: Q is NOT just sayings of Jesus without a historical narrative. Here we see historical information.  When they do omit it, the historical information may often be found in all three synoptics.}	1 Baptist's Preaching K: Luke 3:7-9 B-2 Luke 3:7-9 M-3:Luke 3:7-9 {you offspring  of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?  8 Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, and begin not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, That God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham.  9 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. }
	{~Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	B-2 Luke 3:10-11 10 And the multitudes asked him, saying, What then must we do?  11 And he answered and said unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath food, let him do likewise.
	{~Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	B-3: Luke 3:12-14 12 And there came also publicans to be baptized, and they said unto him, Teacher, what must we do? 13 And he said unto them, Extort no more than that which is appointed you. 14 And soldiers also asked him, saying, And we, what must we do? And he said unto them, Extort from no man by violence, neither accuse (any one) wrongfully; and be content with your wages. ASV
B-4: Mat 3:11-12 K: Mat 3:11-12 M-5: Mat 3:11-12 11 "I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me will come one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not fit to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. 12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor, gathering his wheat into the barn and burning up the chaff with unquenchable fire." NIV	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material.} Mark 1 7 And he preached, saying, There cometh after me he that is mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. 8 I baptized you in water; But he shall baptize you in the Holy Spirit.	B-4: Luke 3:16-17 K: Luke 3:16-17 M-5: Luke 3:16-17 16  John answered them all, "I baptize you with water. But one more powerful than I will come, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. 17 whose fan is in his hand, thoroughly to cleanse his threshing-floor, and to gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn up with unquenchable fire. ASV
	{~! They differ with each other on what should be included and even include material found only in one gospel}	K: Luke 3:18-20 18 With many other exhortations therefore preached he good tidings unto the people; 19 but Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother's wife, and for all the evil things which Herod had done, 20 added this also to them all, that he shut up John in prison. ASV
B-5: Matthew 3:13, 16-17 K: Matthew 3:13-17 13 Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to the Jordan unto John, to be baptized of him.  {B: Omits Matthew 3:14-15 14 But John would have hindered him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?  15 But Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer (it) now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness. Then he suffereth him.} 16 And Jesus when he was baptized, went up straightway from the water: and lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him;  17 and lo, a voice out of the heavens, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material.} Mark 1:9-11 9 And it came to pass in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized of John in the Jordan.  10 And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens rent asunder, and the Spirit as a dove descending upon him:  11 And a voice came out of the heavens, Thou art my beloved Son, in thee I am well pleased. [note: Borg: “Today I have become your father.”	B-5: Luke 3:21b-22 K: Luke 3:21-22 21 Now it came to pass, when all the people were baptized, that, Jesus also having been baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened,  22 and the Holy Spirit descended in a bodily form, as a dove, upon him, and a voice came out of heaven, Thou art my beloved Son: in thee I am well pleased.
		Genealogy inserted here
B-6: Matthew 4:1-4 M-6: Matthew 4:1-4 1 Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. K: Matthew 4:2-11 2 After fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. 3 The tempter came to him and said, "If you are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread." 4 Jesus answered, "It is written: `Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.'"	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material.} Mark 1:12-13 12 And straightway the Spirit driveth him forth into the wilderness.  13a And he was in the wilderness forty days tempted of Satan;	B-6: Luke 4:1-4 M-6: Luke 4:1-4 1 And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was led in the Spirit in the wilderness K: Luke 4:2-13 2 where for forty days he was tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and at the end of them he was hungry. 3 The devil said to him, "If you are the Son of God, tell this stone to become bread." 4 Jesus answered, "It is written: `Man does not live on bread alone."
B-8: Matthew 4:8-11 M-6: Matthew 4:8-11 8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. 9 "All this I will give you," he said, "if you will bow down and worship me." 10 Jesus said to him, "Away from me, Satan! For it is written: `Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.'"		B-8: Luke 4:5-8 M-6: Luke 4:5-8 5 The devil led him up to a high place and showed him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world. 6 And he said to him, "I will give you all their authority and splendor, for it has been given to me, and I can give it to anyone I want to.  7  So if you worship me, it will all be yours." 8 Jesus answered, "It is written: `Worship the Lord your God and serve him only.'"
B-7: Matthew 4:5-7 M-6: Matthew 4:5-7 5 Then the devil took him to the holy city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. 6 "If you are the Son of God," he said, "throw yourself down. For it is written: "`He will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.'" 7 Jesus answered him, "It is also written: `Do not put the Lord your God to the test.'"		B-7: Luke 4:9-12 M-6: Luke 4:9-12 9 The devil led him to Jerusalem and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. "If you are the Son of God," he said, "throw yourself down from here. 10 For it is written: "`He will command his angels concerning you to guard you carefully; 11 they will lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.'" 12 Jesus answered, "It says: `Do not put the Lord your God to the test.'"
B-8: Matthew 4:8-11 M-6: Matthew 4:8-11 K: Matthew 4:2-11 11 Then the devil leaveth him; and behold, angels came and ministered unto him. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Angels mentioned only in Matthew and Mark} Mark 1:13b And he was with the wild beasts; And the angels ministered unto him.	B-8 Luke 4:13 M-6 Luke 4:13 13 And when the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him for a season. ASV
B-9: Matthew 5:1-2 1 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain: and when he had sat down, his disciples came unto him: 2 and he opened his mouth and taught them, saying, ASV	{~!Note: These appear to be different occasions??} Mark 3 8 And from Jerusalem, and from Idumaea, and from beyond Jordan; and they about Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, when they had heard what great things he did, came unto him. 9 And he spake to his disciples, that a small ship should wait on him because of the multitude, lest they should throng him. 10 For he had healed many; insomuch that they pressed upon him for to touch him, as many as had plagues.	B-9: Luke 6:12 12 And it came to pass in these days, that he went out into the mountain to pray; and he continued all night in prayer to God. B-9: Luke 6:17 Luke 6:17-19 17 And he came down with them, and stood on a level place, and a great multitude of his disciples, and a great number of the people from all Judaea and Jerusalem, and the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him, and to be healed of their diseases; 18 and they that were troubled with unclean spirits were healed.  19 And all the multitude sought to touch him; for power came forth from him, and healed (them) all.
	{Inconsistent.  Found only in Luke}	M-7: <Seeing the crowds, he said to his disciples>
B-9: Matthew 5:3 K: Matthew 5:3-6 M-8: Matthew 5:3 3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.		B-9: Luke 6:20 K: Luke 6:20 M-8: Luke 6:20 20 Looking at his disciples, he said: "Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God.
K: Matthew 5:4-5 4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-10: Matthew 5:6 M-8: Matthew 5:6 K: Matthew 5:6 6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled.		B-10: Matthew 6:21 M-8: Matthew 6:21 K: Luke 6:21 21 Blessed are you who hunger now, for you will be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you will laugh.
B-10: Matthew 5:4 4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-11: Matthew 5:5 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-12: Matthew 5:7-9 7 Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. 8 Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. 9 Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-13: Matthew 5:11-12 M-8: Matthew 5:11-12 K: Matthew 5:11 f 11 "Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me. 12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.		B-13: Luke 6:22-23 B-8: Luke 6:22-23 K: Luke 6:22-23 22 Blessed are you when men hate you, when they exclude you and insult you and reject your name as evil, because of the Son of Man. 23 "Rejoice in that day and leap for joy, because great is your reward in heaven. For that is how their fathers treated the prophets.
K: Matthew 5:12 f 11 Blessed are ye when men shall reproach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.  12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets that were before you.  13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under foot of men.  14 Ye are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hid.  15 Neither do men light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and it shineth unto all that are in the house.  16 Even so let your light shine before men; that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.  17 Think not that I came to destroy the law or the prophets: I came not to destroy, but to fulfil.  18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass away from the law, till all things be accomplished.  19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.  20 For I say unto you, that except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.  21 Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:  22 but I say unto you, that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of the hell of fire.  23 If therefore thou art offering thy gift at the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee,  24 leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way, first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.  25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, while thou art with him in the way; lest haply the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.  26 Verily I say unto thee, thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the last farthing.  27 Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt not commit adultery:  28 but I say unto you, that every one that looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.  29 And if thy right eye causeth thee to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body be cast into hell.  30 And if thy right hand causeth thee to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not thy whole body go into hell.  31 It was said also, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:  32 but I say unto you, that every one that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress: and whosoever shall marry her when she is put away committeth adultery.  33 Again, ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:  34 but I say unto you, swear not at all; neither by the heaven, for it is the throne of God;  35 nor by the earth, for it is the footstool of his feet; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King.  36 Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not make one hair white or black.  37 But let your speech be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: and whatsoever is more than these is of the evil one.  38 Ye have heard that it was said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-14: Matthew 5:44 M-9: Matthew 5:44 K: Matthew 5:44 f 44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;		B-14: Luke 6:27-28 M-9: Luke 6:27-28 K: Luke 6:27 27 But I say unto you that hear, love your enemies, do good to them that hate you, 28 bless them that curse you, pray for them that despitefully use you. ASV
K: Matthew 5:45 45 that ye may be sons of your Father who is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust.	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-14: Matthew 5:46 (Duplicated in B-16) 46 If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that?		B: Omits: Luke 6:32 32 "If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners' love those who love them.
B-15 Matthew 5:39b-42 M-9 Matthew 5:39b-40 K: Matthew 5:39-41 39  But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. {If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.		B-15 Luke 6:29-30 K: Luke 6:29 M-9 Luke 6:29 29 If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also.
40 And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. } 41 If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles.		If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.
M-9 Matthew 5:42 K: Matthew 5:42 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.		M-9 Luke 6:30 K: Luke 6:30 30 Give to everyone who asks you, and if anyone takes what belongs to you, do not demand it back. NIV
B-16: Matthew 7:12 M-9: Matthew 7:12 12 All things therefore whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, even so do ye also unto them: for this is the law and the prophets. ASV		B-16: Luke 6:31 M-9: Luke 6:31 31 And as ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise.
B-16: Matthew 5:46-47 M-9: Matthew 5:46-47 K: Matthew 5:46-47 46 For if ye love them that love you, what reward have ye? do not even the publicans the same? 47 And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more (than others?) do not even the Gentiles the same? ASV		B-16: Luke 6:32-33 M-9: Luke 6:32-33 K: Luke 6:32-33 32 And if ye love them that love you, what thank have ye? for even sinners love those that love them. 33 And if ye do good to them that do good to you, what thank have ye? for even sinners do the same.
	{~Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	M-9: Luke 6:34 K: Luke 6:34 34 And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what thank have ye? even sinners lend to sinners, to receive again as much.
	{~Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	B-16: Luke 6:35b M-9: Luke 6:35 K: Luke 6:35 35 But love your enemies, and do (them) good, and lend, never despairing; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be sons of the Most High: for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil. ASV
B-17: Matthew 5:48 M-10: Matthew 5:48 K: Matthew 5:48 48 Ye therefore shall be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect. ASV		B-17: Luke 6:36 M-10: Luke 6:36 K: Luke 6:36 36 Be ye merciful even as your Father is merciful. ASV
K: Matthew 7:1-5 B-18: Matthew 7:1-2 M-10: Matthew 7:1-2 1 Judge not, that ye be not judged. 2 For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured unto you.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material Mark 4: 24 And he said unto them, Take heed what ye hear: with what measure ye mete it shall be measured unto you; and more shall be given unto you.	K: Luke 6:37 f B-18: Luke 6:37-38 M-10: Luke 6:37-38 37 And judge not: and you shall not be judged: and condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven: 38 give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over, shall they give into your bosom. For with what measure ye mete it shall be measured to you again.
B-19: Matthew 15:14 M-11: Matthew 15:14 14 Let them alone: they are blind guides. And if the blind guide the blind, both shall fall into a pit.		B-19: Luke 6:39-40 M-11: Luke 6:39-40 K: Luke 6:37 f 39 And he spake also a parable unto them, Can the blind guide the blind? shall they not both fall into a pit?
B-19: Matthew 10:24-25 M-11: Matthew 10:24-25 24 A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord. 25 It is enough for the disciple that he be as his teacher, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more them of his household! ASV		40 The disciple is not above his teacher: but every one when he is perfected shall be as his teacher.
B-20 Matthew 7:3-5 K: Matthew 7:1-5 M-12 Matthew 7:3-5 3 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? 4 Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me cast out the mote out of thine eye; and lo, the beam is in thine own eye? 5 Thou hypocrite, cast out first the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye. ASV		B-20: Luke 6:41-42 M-12: Luke 6:41-42 K: Luke 6:41-49 41 And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? 42 Or how canst thou say to thy brother, Brother, let me cast out the mote that is in thy eye, when thou thyself beholdest not the beam that is in thine own eye? 43 Thou hypocrite, cast out first the beam out of thine own eye, and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote that is in thy brother's eye.
K: Matthew 7:16-21 B-21: Matthew 7:16-20 M-13: Matthew 7:16-18 {16 By their fruits ye shall know them. Do (men) gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? 17 Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but the corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit. } 19 Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 20 Therefore by their fruits ye shall know them. } 21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father who is in heaven.		B:21: Luke 6:43-44 M:13: Luke 6:43-44 K: Luke 6:41-49 43 For there is no good tree that bringeth forth corrupt fruit; nor again a corrupt tree that bringeth forth good fruit. 44 For each tree is known by its own fruit. For of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes.
B-21: Matthew 12:35 M-13: Matthew 12:35 35 The good man out of his good treasure bringeth forth good things: and the evil man out of his evil treasure bringeth forth evil things. ASV		B:21: Luke 6:43-45 M:13: Luke 6:43-45 K: Luke 6:37 41-49 45 The good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good; and the evil (man) out of the evil (treasure) bringeth forth that which is evil: for out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaketh.
B-22: Matthew 7:21-23 21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy by thy name, and by thy name cast out demons, and by thy name do many mighty works? 23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.		K: Luke 6:41-49 B-22: Luke 6:46 M-14: Luke 6:46 46 And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say? {B: Omits Luke 13:25-27 27 and he shall say, I tell you, I know not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity.}
B-22: Matthew 7:24-27 M-14: Matthew 7:24-27 K: Matthew 7:24-27 24 Every one therefore that heareth these words of mine, and doeth them, shall be likened unto a wise man, who built his house upon the rock: 25 and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and if fell not: for it was founded upon the rock. 26 And every one that heareth these words of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, who built his house upon the sand: 27 and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and smote upon that house; and it fell: and great was the fall thereof. ASV		B-22: Luke 6:47-49 M-14: Luke 6:47-49 K: Luke 6:41-49 47 Every one that cometh unto me, and heareth my words, and doeth them, I will show you to whom he is like: 48 he is like a man building a house, who digged and went deep, and laid a foundation upon the rock: and when a flood arose, the stream brake against that house, and could not shake it: because it had been well builded. 49 But he that heareth, and doeth not, is like a man that built a house upon the earth without a foundation; against which the stream brake, and straightway it fell in; and the ruin of that house was great. ASV
K: Matthew 8:5-13 B-23: Mat 8:5-13 M-15: Mat 8:5-13 5 And when he was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him, 6 and saying, Lord, my servant lieth in the house sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. 7 And he saith unto him, I will come and heal him. 8 And the centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof; but only say the word, and my servant shall be healed.		K: Luke 7:1-10 B-23: Luke 1b-10 M-15: Luke 1b-10 1 After he had ended all his sayings in the ears of the people, he entered into Capernaum. 2 And a certain centurion's servant, who was dear unto him, was sick and at the point of death. 3 And when he heard concerning Jesus, he sent unto him elders of the Jews; asking him that he would come and save his servant. 4 And they, when they came to Jesus, besought him earnestly, saying, He is worthy that thou shouldest do this for him; 5 for he loveth our nation, and himself built us our synagogue. 6 And Jesus went with them. And when he was now not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying unto him, Lord, trouble not thyself; for I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: 7 wherefore neither thought I myself worthy to come unto thee: but say the word, and my servant shall be healed.
9 For I also am a man under authority, having under myself soldiers: and I say to this one, Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it. 10 And when Jesus heard it, he marvelled, and said to them that followed, Verily I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel. 11 And I say unto you, that many shall come from the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven: 12 but the sons of the kingdom shall be cast forth into the outer darkness: there shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth. 13 And Jesus said unto the centurion, Go thy way; as thou hast believed, (so) be it done unto thee. And the servant was healed in that hour. ASV		8 For I also am a man set under authority, having under myself soldiers: and I say to this one, Go, and he goeth; and to another Come, and he cometh; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth it. 9 And when Jesus heard these things, he marvelled at him, and turned and said unto the multitude that followed him, I say unto you, I have not found so great faith, no, not in Israel. 10 And they that were sent, returning to the house, found the servant whole. ASV
K: Matthew 11:2-19 B-24: Mat 11:2-3 M-16: Mat 11:2-3 2 Now when John heard in the prison the works of the Christ, he sent by his disciples 3 and said unto him, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another?		K: Luke 7:18-35 B-24: Luke 7:18-20 M-16: Luke 7:18-20 18 And the disciples of John told him of all these things. 19 And John calling unto him two of his disciples sent them to the Lord, saying, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another? 20 And when the men were come unto him, they said, John the Baptist hath sent us unto thee, saying, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another?
	{~Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	K: Luke 7:18-35 21 In that hour he cured many of diseases and plagues and evil spirits; and on many that were blind he bestowed sight.
K: Matthew 11:2-19 B-24: Mat 11:4-6 M-16: Mat 11:4-6  4 And Jesus answered and said unto them, Go and tell John the things which ye hear and see: 5 the blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, and the dead are raised up, and the poor have good tidings preached to them. 6 And blessed is he, whosoever shall find no occasion of stumbling in me.		B-24: Luke 7:22-23 M-16: Luke 7:22-23 22 And he answered and said unto them, Go and tell John the things which ye have seen and heard; the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, the poor have good tidings preached to them. 23 And blessed is he, whosoever shall find no occasion of stumbling in me.
B-24: Mat 11:7-11 M-17: Mat 11:7-11 K: Matthew 11:2-19 7 And as these went their way, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to behold? a reed shaken with the wind? 8 But what went ye out to see? a man clothed in soft (raiment)? Behold, they that wear soft (raiment) are in king's houses. 9 But wherefore went ye out? to see a prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and much more than a prophet. 10 This is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, Who shall prepare thy way before thee. 11 Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not arisen a greater than John the Baptist: yet he that is but little in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.		B-24: Luke 7:24-28 M-17: Luke 7:24-28 K: Luke 7:18-35 24 And when the messengers of John were departed, he began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to behold? a reed shaken with the wind? 25 But what went ye out to see? a man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in king's courts. 26 But what went ye out to see? a prophet? Yea, I say unto you, and much more than a prophet. 27 This is he of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, Who shall prepare thy way before thee. 28 I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there is none greater than John: yet he that is but little in the kingdom of God is greater than he.
	{Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke.}	K: Luke 7:18-35 29 And all the people when they heard, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized with the baptism of John. 30 But the Pharisees and the lawyers rejected for themselves the counsel of God, being not baptized of him. 31 Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation, and to what are they like? 32 They are like unto children that sit in the marketplace, and call one to another; who say, We piped unto you, and ye did not dance; we wailed, and ye did not weep. 33 For John the Baptist is come eating no bread nor drinking wine; and ye say, He hath a demon. 34 The Son of man is come eating and drinking; and ye say, Behold, a gluttonous man, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners! 35 And wisdom is justified of all her children. ASV
B-25: Matt 11:12-13 M-56: Matt 11:12-13 K: Matthew 11:2-19 12 And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and men of violence take it by force. 13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.		B-25: Luke 16:16 M-56: Luke 16:16 16 The law and the prophets (were) until John: from that time the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached, and every man entereth violently into it. ASV
M: Omit Matt 11:14-15 K: Matthew 11:2-19 14 And if ye are willing to receive (it,) this is Elijah, that is to come. 15 He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.	{Inconsistent.  Only found in Matthew.}
B-26: Matthew 11:16-19 M-18: Matthew 11:16-19 K: Matthew 11:2-19 16 But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the marketplaces, who call unto their fellows 17 and say, We piped unto you, and ye did not dance; we wailed, and ye did not mourn. 18 For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath a demon. 19 The Son of man came eating and drinking, and they say, Behold, a gluttonous man and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners! And wisdom is justified by her works.		B-16: Luke 11:32-35 M-18: Luke 11:32-35 31 Whereunto then shall I liken the men of this generation, and to what are they like? 32 They are like unto children that sit in the marketplace, and call one to another; who say, We piped unto you, and ye did not dance; we wailed, and ye did not weep. 33 For John the Baptist is come eating no bread nor drinking wine; and ye say, He hath a demon. 34 The Son of man is come eating and drinking; and ye say, Behold, a gluttonous man, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners! 35 And wisdom is justified of all her children.
K-10 Matthew 8:19-22 B-27: Matt 8:19-22 M-19: Matt 8:19-22 19 And there came a scribe, and said unto him, Teacher, I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest. 20 And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the heaven (have) nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. 21 And another of the disciples said unto him, Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. 22 But Jesus saith unto him, Follow me; and leave the dead to bury their own dead. ASV		K-7 Luke 9:57-60 B-27: Matt 9:57-60 M-19: Matt 9:57-60 57 And as they went on the way, a certain man said unto him, I will follow thee withersoever thou goest. 58 And Jesus said unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the heaven (have) nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. 59 And he said unto another, Follow me. But he said, Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. 60 But he said unto him, Leave the dead to bury their own dead; but go thou and publish abroad the kingdom of God.
B-28: Matthew 10:16 16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
	{Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	K-8: Luke 10:1-12 1 Now after these things the Lord appointed seventy others, and sent them two and two before his face into every city and place, whither he himself was about to come.
B-28: Matthew 9:37 M-20: Matthew 9:37 K-11: Matthew 9:37-10:15 37 Then saith he unto his disciples, The harvest indeed is plenteous, but the laborers are few. {B: Omits 9:38 {M: Omits 9:38 38 Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he send forth laborers into his harvest.		B-28: Luke 10:2-3 M-20: Luke 10:2-3 K-8: Luke 10:1-12 2 And he said unto them, The harvest indeed is plenteous, but the laborers are few: pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he send forth laborers into his harvest. 3 Go your ways; behold, I send you forth as lambs in the midst of wolves. ASV
K-11: Matthew 10:1-8 1 And he called unto him his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of disease and all manner of sickness. 2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the (son) of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the (son) of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. 5 These twelve Jesus sent forth, and charged them, saying, Go not into (any) way of the Gentiles, and enter not into any city of the Samaritans: 6 but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand. 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out demons: freely ye received, freely give. ASV	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 3:13-19 14 And he appointed twelve, that they might be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach, 15 and to have authority to cast out demons: 16 and Simon he surnamed Peter; 17 and James the (son) of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and them he surnamed Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder: 18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the (son) of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean, 19 and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. And he cometh into a house. ASV	Luke 6:13-16 13 And when it was day, he called his disciples; and he chose from them twelve, whom also he named apostles: 14 Simon, whom he also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John, and Philip and Bartholomew, 15 and Matthew and Thomas, and James (the son) of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot, 16 and Judas (the son) of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor; ASV
B-29: Mat 10:9-10 M-20: Mat 10:9-10 K-11: Matthew 10:9-15 9 Get you no gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses; 10 no wallet for (your) journey, neither two coats, nor shoes, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 6: 8 And commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, save a staff only; no scrip, no bread, no money in their purse:	B-29: Luke 9:3 M:20: Luke 9:3 And he said unto them, Take nothing for your journey, neither staves, nor scrip, neither bread, neither money; neither have two coats apiece. B-29: Luke 10:4 M-20: Luke 10:4 K-8: Luke 10:1-12 4 Carry no purse, no wallet, no shoes; and salute no man on the way.
B-30: Mat 10:11-12 M-20: Mat 10:11-12 K-11: Matthew 10:1-15 12 And as ye enter into the house, salute it. 11 And into whatsoever city or village ye shall enter, search out who in it is worthy; and there abide till ye go forth.		B-30: Luke 10:5-9 M-20: Luke 10:5-9 K-8: Luke 10:5-9 5 And into whatsoever house ye shall enter, first say, Peace (be) to this house. 6 And if a son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon him: but if not, it shall turn to you again. 7 And in that same house remain, eating and drinking such things as they give: for the laborer is worthy of his hire. Go not from house to house. 8 And into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before you: 9 and heal the sick that are therein, and say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.
B-31: Matthew 10:40 M-23: Matthew 10:40 40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me. ASV B-31: Matthew 11:21-23 21 Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than for you. 23 And thou, Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted unto heaven? thou shalt go down unto Hades: for if the mighty works had been done in Sodom which were done in thee, it would have remained until this day. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B: Omits Matthew 10:13-15 K-11: Matthew 9:37-10:15 13 And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you. 14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, as ye go forth out of that house or that city, shake off the dust of your feet. M-21: Omits Matthew 10:15 K-11: Matthew 9:37-10:15 15 Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. ASV		B-31: Luke 10:10-12 K-8: Luke 10:1-12 10 But into whatsoever city ye shall enter, and they receive you not, go out into the streets thereof and say, 11 Even the dust from your city, that cleaveth to our feet, we wipe off against you: nevertheless know this, that the kingdom of God is come nigh. M-21: Luke 10:12 12 I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable in that day for Sodom, than for that city. ASV
K-14: Matthew 11:21-23 B-31: Matthew 11:21-23 M-22: Matthew 11:21-23a 21 Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I say unto you, it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than for you. 23 And thou, Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted unto heaven? thou shalt go down unto Hades: for if the mighty works had been done in Sodom which were done in thee, it would have remained until this day. ASV		K-9: Luke 10:13-15 B-31: Luke 10:13-16 M-21: Luke 10:13-15 13 Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14 But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the judgment, than for you. 15 And thou, Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted unto heaven? thou shalt be brought down unto Hades. } 16 He that heareth you heareth me; and he that rejecteth you rejecteth me; and he that rejecteth me rejecteth him that sent me.]
M-24: Matthew 11:25-27 B-32: Matthew 11:25-27 K: Matthew 11:25 f 25 At that season Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst hide these things from the wise and understanding, and didst reveal them unto babes: 26 yea, Father, for so it was well-pleasing in thy sight. 27 All things have been delivered unto me of my Father: and no one knoweth the Son, save the Father; neither doth any know the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to reveal (him.)		M-24: Luke 10:21-22 B-32: Luke 10:21-22 K: Luke 10:21 f 21 In that same hour he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit, and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst hide these things from the wise and understanding, and did reveal them unto babes: yea, Father; for so it was well-pleasing in thy sight. 22 All things have been delivered unto me of my Father: and no one knoweth who the Son is, save the Father; and who the Father is, save the Son, and he to whomever the Son willeth to reveal (him).
K: Matthew 11:25 f 28 Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. 29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
B-33: Matthew 13:16-17 M-25: Matthew 13:16-17 16 But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear. 17 For verily I say unto you, that many prophets and righteous men desired to see the things which ye see, and saw them not; and to hear the things which ye hear, and heard them not.		B-33: Luke 10:23-24 M-25: Luke 10:23-24 K: Luke 10:21 f 23 And turning to the disciples, he said privately, Blessed (are) the eyes which see the things that ye see: 24 for I say unto you, that many prophets and kings desired to see the things which ye see, and saw them not; and to hear the things which ye hear, and heard them not.
	{Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	K: Luke 10:21 f 25 And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and made trial of him, saying, Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? 26 And he said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? 27 And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbor as thyself. 28 And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live. 29 But he, desiring to justify himself, said unto Jesus, And who is my neighbor? 30 Jesus made answer and said, A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho; and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 31 And by chance a certain priest was going down that way: and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 And in like manner a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33 But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he was moved with compassion, 34 and came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on (them) oil and wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 And on the morrow he took out two shillings, and gave them to the host, and said, Take care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, I, when I come back again, will repay thee. 36 Which of these three, thinkest thou, proved neighbor unto him that fell among the robbers? 37 And he said, He that showed mercy on him. And Jesus said unto him, Go, and do thou likewise. 38 Now as they went on their way, he entered into a certain village: and a certain woman named Martha received him into her house. 39 And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at the Lord's feet, and heard his word. 40 But Martha was cumbered about much serving; and she came up to him, and said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister did leave me to serve alone? bid her therefore that she help me. 41 But the Lord answered and said unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art anxious and troubled about many things: 42 but one thing is needful: for Mary hath chosen the good part, which shall not be taken away from her. ASV
K-5: Matthew 6:9-13 B-34: Matthew 6:9-13 M-26: Matthew 6:9-13 9 After this manner therefore pray ye. Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. 10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in heaven, so on earth. 11 Give us this day our daily bread. 12 And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. 13 And bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil (one.) ASV		K-10: Luke 11:1-4 B-34: Luke 11:1-4 M-26: Luke 11:1-4 1 And it came to pass, as he was praying in a certain place, that when he ceased, one of his disciples said unto him, Lord, teach us to pray, even as John also taught his disciples. 2 And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, Father, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. 3 Give us day by day our daily bread. 4 And forgive us our sins; for we ourselves also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And bring us not into temptation. ASV
K-8: Matthew 7:7-11 B-35 Matthew 7:7-8 M-27 Matthew 7:7-8 7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: 8 for every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.		K-11: Luke 11:9-13 B-35: Luke 11:9-11 M-27: Luke 11:9-11 9 And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you. 10 For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.
B-36: Matthew 6:9-11 M-27: Matthew 6:9-11 K-8: Matthew 7:7-11 9 Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone; 10 or if he shall ask for a fish, will give him a serpent? 11 If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father who is in heaven give good things to them that ask him? ASV		B-36: Luke 11:11-13 M-27: Luke 11:11-13 K-11: Luke 11:9-13 11 And of which of you that is a father shall his son ask a loaf, and he give him a stone? or a fish, and he for a fish give him a serpent? 12 Or (if) he shall ask an egg, will he give him a scorpion? 13 If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall (your) heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him? ASV
k-15: Matthew 12:22-30 B-37: Matthew 12:22-28 M-28: Matthew 12:22-28 22 Then was brought unto him one possessed with a demon, blind and dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that the dumb man spake and saw. 23 And all the multitudes were amazed, and said, Can this be the son of David? 24 But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, This man doth not cast out demons, but by Beelzebub the prince of the demons. 25 And knowing their thoughts he said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: 26 and if Satan casteth out Satan, he is divided against himself; how then shall his kingdom stand? 27And if I by Beelzebub cast out demons, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges. 28 But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then is the kingdom of God come upon you.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 3:22-27 22 And the scribes that came down from Jerusalem said, He hath Beelzebub, and, By the prince of the demons casteth he out the demons. 23 And he called them unto him, and said unto them in parables, How can Satan cast out Satan? 24 And if a kingdom be divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. 25 And if a house be divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand. 26 And if Satan hath rise up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but hath an end.	k-12: Luke 11:14-23 B-37: Luke 11:14-20 M-28 Luke 11:14-20 14 And he was casting out a demon (that was) dumb. And it came to pass, when the demon was gone out, the dumb man spake; and the multitudes marvelled. 15 But some of them said, By Beelzebub the prince of the demons casteth he out demons. 16 And others, trying (him), sought of him a sign from heaven. 17 But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house (divided) against a house falleth. 18 And if Satan also is divided against himself, how shall his kingdom stand? because ye say that I cast out demons by Beelzebub. 19 And if I by Beelzebub cast out demons, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your judges. 20 But if I by the finger of God cast out demons, then is the kingdom of God come upon you.
M-28: Matthew 12:29 k-15: Matthew 12:22-30 29 Or how can one enter into the house of the strong (man,) and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong (man)? and then he will spoil his house.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 3: 27 But no one can enter into the house of the strong (man), and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong (man); and then he will spoil his house. ASV	M-28 Luke 11:21-22 k-12 Luke 11:14-23 21 When the strong (man) fully armed guardeth his own court, his goods are in peace: 22 but when a stronger than he shall come upon him, and overcome him, he taketh from him whole armor wherein he trusted, and divideth his spoils.
B-38: Matthew 12:30 M-29: Matthew 12:30 K-15: Matthew 12:22-30 30 He that is not with me is against me, and he that gathereth not with me scattereth. ASV		B-38: Luke 11:23 B-38: Luke 11:23 K-12: Luke 11:14-23 23 He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth. ASV
K-17: Matthew 12:43-45 B-39: Matthew 12:43-45 M-30: Matthew 12:43-45 43 But the unclean spirit, when he is gone out of the man, passeth through waterless places, seeking rest, and findeth it not. 44 Then he saith, I will return into my house whence I came out; and when he is come, he findeth it empty, swept, and garnished. 45 Then goeth he, and taketh with himself seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man becometh worse than the first. Even so shall it be also unto this evil generation. ASV		K-13: Luke 11:24-26 B-39: Luke 11:24-26 M-30: Luke 11:24-26 24 The unclean spirit when he is gone out of the man, passeth through waterless places, seeking rest, and finding none, he saith, I will turn back unto my house whence I came out. 25 And when he is come, he findeth it swept and garnished. 26 Then goeth he, and taketh (to him) seven other spirits more evil than himself; and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man becometh worse than the first. ASV
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	B-40: Luke 11:27-28 M-31: Luke 11:27-28 27 And it came to pass, as he said these things, a certain woman out of the multitude lifted up her voice, and said unto him, Blessed is the womb that bare thee, and the breasts which thou didst suck.  28 But he said, Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God, and keep it.
K-16: Matthew 12:38-42 B-41: Matthew 12:38-42 M-32: Matthew 12:38-42 38 Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered him, saying, Teacher, we would see a sign from thee. 39 But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given it but the sign of Jonah the prophet: 40 for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. 42 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, a greater than Solomon is here. ASV 41 The men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, a greater than Jonah is here.	{~!Note: Christ is here said to be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, which indicates the crucifixion was included in “Q”.}	K-12 Luke 11:16 B-41: Luke 11:16 M-32: Luke 11:16 16 And others, trying (him), sought of him a sign from heaven. ASV K-14: Luke 11:29-32 B-41: Luke 11:29-32 M-32: Luke 11:29-32 29 And when the multitudes were gathering together unto him, he began to say, This generation is an evil generation: it seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it but the sign of Jonah. 30 For even as Jonah became a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation. 31 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, a greater than Solomon is here. 32 The men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, a greater than Jonah is here.
Matthew 5:14 14 Ye are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hid. ASV K-4: Matthew 5:15 B-42: Matthew 5:15-16 M-33: Matthew 5:15-16 15 Neither do men light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and it shineth unto all that are in the house. 16 Even so let your light shine before men; that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 4 21 And he said unto them, Is the lamp brought to be put under the bushel, or under the bed, and not to be put on the stand?  22 For there is nothing hid, save that it should be manifested; neither was anything made secret, but that it should come to light.	K-15: Luke 11:33-35 B-42: Luke 11:33 M-33: Luke 11:33 33 No man, when he hath lighted a lamp, putteth it in a cellar, neither under the bushel, but on the stand, that they which enter in may see the light.
B-42: Matthew 6:22-23 M-33: Matthew 6:22-23 K-4: Matthew 6:22 f 22 The lamp of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light. 23 But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is the darkness! ASV		B-42: Luke 11:34-36 M-33: Luke 11:34-36 K-15: Luke 11:33-35 34 The lamp of thy body is thine eye: when thine eye is single, thy whole body also is full of light; but when it is evil, thy body also is full of darkness. 35 Look therefore whether the light that is in thee be not darkness. 36 If therefore thy whole body be full of light, having no part dark, it shall be wholly full of light, as when the lamp with its bright shining doth give thee light. ASV
K-4: Matthew 6:22 f 24 No man can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. 25 Therefore I say unto you, be not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is not the life more than the food, and the body than the raiment? 26 Behold the birds of the heaven, that they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; and your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are not ye of much more value then they? 27 And which of you by being anxious can add one cubit unto the measure of his life? 28 And why are ye anxious concerning raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin: 29 yet I say unto you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. 30 But if God doth so clothe the grass of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven, (shall he) not much more (clothe) you, O ye of little faith? 31 Be not therefore anxious, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink? or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed? 32 For after all these things do the Gentiles seek; for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things. 33 But seek ye first his kingdom, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. 34 Be not therefore anxious for the morrow: for the morrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
K-19: Matthew 23:4 4 Yea, they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with their finger. ASV	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
K-19: Matthew 23:24 24 Ye blind guides, that strain out the gnat, and swallow the camel!	{~Inconsistent.  Found only in Matthew}
K-19: Matthew 23:25 B-43: Matthew 23:26 M-34: Matthew 23:26 25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full from extortion and excess. } 26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first the inside of the cup and of the platter, that the outside thereof may become clean also. ASV		K-16: Luke 11:39-52 B-43: Luke 11:39-42 M-34: Luke 11:39-42 39 And the Lord said unto him, Now ye the Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter; but your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness. 40 Ye foolish ones, did not he that made the outside make the inside also? 41 But give for alms those things which are within; and behold, all things are clean unto you.
B-43: Matthew 23:23 M-34: Matthew 23:23 K-19 Matthew 23:23 23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye tithe mint and anise and cummin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law, justice, and mercy, and faith: but these ye ought to have done, and not to have left the other undone.		B-43: Luke 11:42 M-34: Luke 11:42 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 42 But woe unto you Pharisees! for ye tithe mint and rue and every herb, and pass over justice and the love of God: but these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone
B-44: Matthew 23:6-7 7 M-34: Matthew 23:6-7 6 and love the chief place at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues, 7 and the salutations in the marketplaces, and to be called of men, Rabbi. ASV		B-44: Luke 11:43 M-34: Luke 11:43 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 43 Woe unto you Pharisees! for ye love the chief seats in the synagogues, and the salutations in the marketplaces.
M-34: Matthew 23:27-28 {B: Omits Matthew 23:27-28 27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. 28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but inwardly ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. ASV}		B-44: Luke 11:44 M-34: Luke 11:44 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 44 Woe unto you! for ye are as the tombs which appear not, and the men that walk over (them) know it not
{B: Omits Matthew 23:4 4 Yea, they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with their finger. }	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	K-16: Luke 11:39-52 B-44: Luke 11:45-46 45 And one of the lawyers answering saith unto him, Teacher, in saying this thou reproachest us also. M-34: Luke 11:46 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 46 And he said, Woe unto you lawyers also! for ye load men with burdens grievous to be borne, and ye yourselves touch not the burdens with one of your fingers.
B-44: Matthew 23:29-35 M-34: Matthew 23:29-35 K-19: Matthew 23:29-36 29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and garnish the tombs of the righteous, 30 and say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we should not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. 31 Wherefore ye witness to yourselves, that ye are sons of them that slew the prophets. 32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers. 33 Ye serpents, ye offspring of vipers, how shall ye escape the judgment of hell?		B-44: Luke 11:47-51 M-34: Luke 11:47-51 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 47 Woe unto you! for ye build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 48 So ye are witnesses and consent unto the works of your fathers: for they killed them, and ye build (their tombs).
B-44: Matthew 23:34-35 M-34: Matthew 23:34-35 K-19: Matthew 23:29-36 34 Therefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: some of them shall ye kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city: 35 that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of Abel the righteous unto the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom ye slew between the sanctuary and the altar. 19: Matthew 23:29-36 36 Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation.		B-44: Luke 11:49-51 M-34: Luke 11:49-51 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 49 Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send unto them prophets and apostles; and (some) of them they shall kill and persecute; 50 that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 51 from the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zachariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary: yea, I say unto you, it shall be required of this generation.
	{~Inconsistent.  Only in Luke}	M-34: Luke 11:52 K-16: Luke 11:39-52 52 Woe unto you, lawyers! for ye have taken away the key of knowledge: ye entered not in yourselves, and them that were entering in ye hindered.
K-12: Matthew 10:26-33 B-45: Matthew 10:26-27 M-35: Matthew 10:26-27 26 Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known. 27 What I tell you in the darkness, speak ye in the light; and what ye hear in the ear, proclaim upon the house-tops.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 4 22 For there is nothing hid, save that it should be manifested; neither was anything made secret, but that it should come to light.	K-17: Luke 12:2-10 B-45: Luke 12:2-3 M-35: Luke 12:2-3 2 But there is nothing covered up, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known. 3 Wherefore whatsoever ye have said in the darkness shall be heard in the light; and what ye have spoken in the ear in the inner chambers shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.
B-46: Matthew 10:28-31 M-36: Matthew 10:28-31 K-12: Matthew 10:26-33 28 And be not afraid of them that kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. 29 Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? and not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father: 30 but the very hairs of your head are all numbered. 31 Fear not therefore: ye are of more value than many sparrows.	{~!Note: The difference between the number of sparrows, which changes the price}	B-46: Luke 12:4-7 M-36: Luke 12:4-7 K-17: Luke 12:2-10 4 And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. 5 But I will warn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, who after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him. 6 Are not five sparrows sold for two pence? and not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God. 7 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not: ye are of more value than many sparrows.
B-47: Matthew 10:32 M-37: Matthew 10:32 K-12: Matthew 10:26-33 32 Every one therefore who shall confess me before men, him will I also confess before my Father who is in heaven.		B-47: Luke 12:8 M-37: Luke 12:8 K-17: Luke 12:2-10 8 And I say unto you, Every one who shall confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God:
M-37: Matthew 12:32-33 ?? B-48: Matthew 12:32 32 And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him; but whosoever shall speak against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, nor in that which is to come. {B: Ommitted Matthew 10:33 33 But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father who is in heaven.}		B-48: Luke 12:9-10 M-37: Luke 12:9-10 Luke 12:9-10 9 but he that denieth me in the presence of men shall be denied in the presence of the angels of God. 10 And every one who shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Spirit it shall not be forgiven. ASV
B-48: Matthew 10:19-20 M-37: Matthew 10:19-20 19 But when they deliver you up, be not anxious how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that hour what ye shall speak. 20 For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you. ASV		B-48: Luke 12:11-12 M-37: Luke 12:11-12 11 And when they bring you before the synagogues, and the rulers, and the authorities, be not anxious how or what ye shall answer, or what ye shall say: 12 for the Holy Spirit shall teach you in that very hour what ye ought to say.
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	B-49: Luke 12:13-14 M-38: Luke 12:13-14 13 And one out of the multitude said unto him, Teacher, bid my brother divide the inheritance with me. 14 But he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a divider over you?
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	{M & B: Omit -Luke 12:15 15 And he said unto them, Take heed, and keep yourselves from all covetousness: for a man's life consisteth not in abundance of the things which he possesseth. ASV}
	{~! Inconsistent.  Here only found in Luke}	B-50: Luke 12:16-21 M-38: Luke 12:16-21 16 And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully: 17 and he reasoned within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have not where to bestow my fruits? 18 And he said, This will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my grain and my goods. 19 And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, be merry. 20 But God said unto him, Thou foolish one, this night is thy soul required of thee; and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they be? 21 So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.
K-6: Matthew 6:25-33 B-51: Matthew 6:25-27 M-39: Matthew 6:25-27 25 Therefore I say unto you, be not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is not the life more than the food, and the body than the raiment? 26 Behold the birds of the heaven, that they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; and your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are not ye of much more value then they? 27 And which of you by being anxious can add one cubit unto the measure of his life?		K-18: Luke 12:22-34 B-51: Luke 12:22-26 M-39: Luke 12:22-26 22 And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, be not anxious for (your) life, what ye shall eat; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. 23 For the life is more than the food, and the body than the raiment. 24 Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store-chamber nor barn; and God feedeth them: of how much more value are ye than the birds! 25 And which of you by being anxious can add a cubit unto the measure of his life?
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	K-18: Luke 12:22-34 M & B: Omit Luke 12:26 26 If then ye are not able to do even that which is least, why are ye anxious concerning the rest? ASV
B-52: Matthew 6:28-30 M-39: Matthew 6:28-30 K-6: Matthew 6:25-33 28 And why are ye anxious concerning raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin: 29 yet I say unto you, that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. 30 But if God doth so clothe the grass of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven, (shall he) not much more (clothe) you, O ye of little faith?		K-18: Luke 12:22-34 B-52: Luke 12:27-28 M-39: Luke 12:27-28 27 Consider the lilies, how they grow: they toil not, neither do they spin; yet I say unto you, Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. 28 But if God doth so clothe the grass in the field, which to-day is, and tomorrow is cast into the oven; how much more (shall he clothe) you, O ye of little faith?
B-53: Matthew 6:31-33 M-39: Matthew 6:31-33 K-6: Matthew 6:25-33 31 Be not therefore anxious, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink? or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed? 32 For after all these things do the Gentiles seek; for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things. 33 But seek ye first his kingdom, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. ASV		K-18: Luke 12:22-34 B-53: Luke 12:29-31 M-39: Luke 12:29-31 29 And seek not ye what ye shall eat, and what ye shall drink, neither be ye of doubtful mind. 30 For all these things do the nations of the world seek after: but your Father knoweth that ye have need of these things. 31 Yet seek ye his kingdom, and these things shall be added unto you.
		K-18: Luke 12:22-34 {B: Omits Luke 12:32 32 Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom.}
B-54: Matthew 6:19-21 K-6: Matthew 6:19-21 M-40: Matthew 6:19-21 19 Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust consume, and where thieves break through and steal: 20 but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth consume, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: 21 for where thy treasure is, there will thy heart be also. ASV		K-18: Luke 12:22-34 B-54: Luke 12:33-34 M-40: Luke 12:33-34 33 Sell that which ye have, and give alms; make for yourselves purses which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief draweth near, neither moth destroyeth. 34 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. ASV
K-22: Matthew 24:43-51 B-55: Matthew 24:42-44 M-41: Matthew 24:42-44 42 Watch therefore: for ye know not on what day your Lord cometh. 43 But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what watch the thief was coming, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken through. 44 Therefore be ye also ready; for in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh.		K-19: Luke 12:39-46 B-55: Luke 12:39-40 M-41: Luke 12:39-40 39 But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not have left his house to be broken through. 40 Be ye also ready: for in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh.
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	B: Omits Luke 12:41 K-19: Luke 12:39-46 41 And Peter said, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even unto all?
B-56: Matthew 24:45-51 M-42: Matthew 24:45-51 K-22: Matthew 24:43-51 45 Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath set over his household, to give them their food in due season? 46 Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. 47 Verily I say unto you, that he will set him over all that he hath. 48 But if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord tarrieth; 49 and shall begin to beat his fellow-servants, and shall eat and drink with the drunken; 50 the lord of that servant shall come in a day when he expecteth not, and in an hour when he knoweth not, 51 and shall cut him asunder, and appoint his portion with the hypocrites: M: Omitts: there shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth. ASV		B-56: Luke 12:42-46 M-42: Luke 12:42-46 K-19: Luke 12:39-46 42 And the Lord said, Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall set over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season? 43 Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. 44 Of a truth I say unto you, that he will set him over all that he hath. 45 But if that servant shall say in his heart, my lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken; 46 the lord of that servant shall come in a day when he expecteth not, and in an hour when he knoweth not, and shall cut him asunder, and appoint his portion with the unfaithful. ASV
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	M-43: Luke 12:49 49 I am come to send fire on the earth; and what will I, if it be already kindled? M: Omits Luke 12:50 50 But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished!
Note: Kummel does not include B-57: Matthew 10:34-36 M-43: Matthew 10:34-36 34 Think not that I came to send peace on the earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword. 35 For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law: 36 and a man's foes shall be they of his own household.		Note: Kummel does not include. B-57: Luke 12:51-53 M-43: Luke 12:51-53 51 Think ye that I am come to give peace in the earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division: 52 for there shall be from henceforth five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three. 53 They shall be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother in law against her daughter in law, and daughter in law against her mother in law.
B-58: Matthew 10:39 39 He that findeth his life shall lose it; and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.		B-58: Luke 17:33 33 Whosoever shall seek to gain his life shall lose it: but whosoever shall lose (his life) shall preserve it. ASV
B-59: Matthew 16:2-3 M-44: Matthew 16:2-3 2 But he answered and said unto them, When it is evening, ye say, (It will be) fair weather: for the heaven is red. 3 And in the morning, (It will be) foul weather to-day: for the heaven is red and lowering. Ye know how to discern the face of the heaven; but ye cannot (discern) the signs of the times. ASV		B-59: Luke 12:54-56 M-44: Luke 12:54-56 54 And he said to the multitudes also, When ye see a cloud rising in the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it cometh to pass. 55 And when (ye see) a south wind blowing, ye say, There will be a scorching heat; and it cometh to pass.
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	M: Omitted 56 {Ye hypocrites,} ye know how to interpret the face of the earth and the heaven; but how is it that ye know not how to interpret this time? ASV
B-60: Matthew 5:25-26 M-45: Matthew 5:25-26 25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, while thou art with him in the way; lest haply the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison. 26 Verily I say unto thee, thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the last farthing. ASV		B-60: Luke 12:57-59 M-45: Luke 12:57-59 57 And why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?  58 For as thou art going with thine adversary before the magistrate, on the way give diligence to be quit of him; lest haply he drag thee unto the judge, and the judge shall deliver thee to the officer, and the officer shall cast thee into prison. 59 I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the very last mite.
K-18: Matthew 13:31-33 B-61: Matthew 13:31-32 M-46: Matthew 13:31-32 31 Another parable set he before them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like unto a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and sowed in his field: 32 which indeed is less than all seeds; but when it is grown, it is greater than the herbs, and becometh a tree, so that the birds of the heaven come and lodge in the branches thereof.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 4:30-32 30 And he said, How shall we liken the kingdom of God? or in what parable shall we set it forth? 31 It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown upon the earth, though it be less than all the seeds that are upon the earth, 32 yet when it is sown, groweth up, and becometh greater than all the herbs, and putteth out great branches; so that the birds of the heaven can lodge under the shadow thereof. ASV	K-20: Luke 13:18-21 B-61: Luke 13:18-19 M-46: Luke 13:18-19 18 He said therefore, Unto what is the kingdom of God like? and whereunto shall I liken it? 19 It is like unto a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and cast into his own garden; and it grew, and became a tree; and the birds of the heaven lodged in the branches thereof.
B-62: Matthew 13:33 M-46: Matthew 13:33 K-18: Matthew 13:31-33 33 Another parable spake he unto them; The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, till it was all leavened. ASV		B-62: Matthew 13:20-21 M-46: Matthew 13:20-21 K-20: Luke 13:18-21 20 And again he said, Whereunto shall I liken the kingdom of God? 21 It is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, till it was all leavened. ASV
B-63: Matthew 7:13-14 M-47: Matthew 7:13-14 13 Enter ye in by the narrow gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many are they that enter in thereby. 14 For narrow is the gate, and straitened the way, that leadeth unto life, and few are they that find it. ASV		B-62: Luke 13:24 M-47: Luke 13:24 24 Strive to enter in by the narrow door: for many, I say unto you, shall seek to enter in, and shall not be able. ASV
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	M-47: Luke 13:25-27 25 When once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, open to us; and he shall answer and say to you, I know you not whence ye are; 26 then shall ye begin to say, We did eat and drink in thy presence, and thou didst teach in our streets;
M-47: Matthew 7:23 23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.}		27 and he shall say, I tell you, I know not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity. ASV
B-64: Matthew 8:11-12 Matthew 8:11-12 M-48: Matthew 8:11-12 12 but the sons of the kingdom shall be cast forth into the outer darkness: there shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.  11 And I say unto you, that many shall come from the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven: ASV		B-64: Luke 13:28-29 M-48: Luke 13:29-29 28 There shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and yourselves cast forth without. 29 And they shall come from the east and west, and from the north and south, and shall sit down in the kingdom of God. ASV
B: Omits Mat 19:30 M-48: Matthew 19:30?? 30 But many shall be last that are first; and first that are last. B-65: Matthew 20:16 M-48: Matthew 20:16?? 16 So the last shall be first, and the first last.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 10 31 But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.	B-65: Luke 13:30 M-48: Luke 13:30 30 And behold, there are last who shall be first, and there are first who shall be last.
K-20: Matthew 23:37-39 B-66: Matthew 23:37-39 M-49: Matthew 23:37-39 37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, that killeth the prophets, and stoneth them that are sent unto her! how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! 38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. 39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed (is) he that cometh in the name of the Lord. ASV		K-21: Luke 13:34 f B-66: Luke 13:34-35 M-49: Luke 13:34-35 34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, that killeth the prophets, and stoneth them that are sent unto her! how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen (gathereth) her own brood under her wings, and ye would not! 35 Behold, your house is left unto you (desolate): and I say unto you, ye shall not see me, until ye shall say, Blessed (is) he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
B-67: Matthew 23:12 M-50: Matthew 23:12 12 And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be humbled; and whosoever shall humble himself shall be exalted. ASV		B-67: Luke 14:11 B-67: Luke 14:11 11 For every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted. ASV
B-68: Matthew 22:1-10 M-59: Matthew 22:1-10?? 1 And Jesus answered and spake again in parables unto them, saying, 2 The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a certain king, who made a marriage feast for his son, 3 and sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the marriage feast: and they would not come. 4 Again he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them that are bidden, Behold, I have made ready my dinner; my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come to the marriage feast. 5 But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his merchandise; 6 and the rest laid hold on his servants, and treated them shamefully, and killed them. 7 But the king was wroth; and he sent his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. 8 Then saith he to his servants, The wedding is ready, but they that were bidden were not worthy. 9 Go ye therefore unto the partings of the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage feast. 10 And those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was filled with guests.	{~!Note: here we have stories that are very similar but have almost no identical phraseology, much different in other places where Matthew and Luke are much like each other.}	B-68: Luke 14:16-24 M-59: Luke 14:16-24 16 But he said unto him, A certain man made a great supper; and he bade many: 17 and he sent forth his servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; for all things are now ready. 18 And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a field, and I must needs go out and see it; I pray thee have me excused. 19 And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them; I pray thee have me excused.  20 And another said, I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. 21 And the servant came, and told his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor and maimed and blind and lame. 22 And the servant said, Lord, what thou didst command is done, and yet there is room. 23 And the lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and constrain them to come in, that my house may be filled. 24 For I say unto you, that none of those men that were bidden shall taste of my supper.
		Luke 14:25 25 Now there went with him great multitudes: and he turned, and said unto them, ASV
B-69: Matthew 10:37-38 M-52: Matthew 10:37-38 37 He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 38 And he that doth not take his cross and follow after me, is not worthy of me. ASV	{~!Note: Passion prediction (Mat 10:38 & Luke 14:27) “cross”}	B-69: Luke 14:26-27 M-52: Luke 14:26-27 26 If any man cometh unto me, and hateth not his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. 27 Whosoever doth not bear his own cross, and come after me, cannot be my disciple. ASV
M-52: Matthew 10:39?? Matthew 16:25 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 8:35 For whosoever would save his life shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's shall save it. {Note: In Mark we sometimes see phrases only paralleled in Matthew and other phrases paralleled only in Luke}	M-52: Luke 9:24?? 9:24 For whosoever would save his life shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it.
M-52: Matthew 10:39?? 10:39 He that findeth his life shall lose it; and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it.		M-52: Luke 17:33?? 33 Whosoever shall seek to gain his life shall lose it: but whosoever shall lose (his life) shall preserve it.
B-70: Matthew 5:13 M-53: Matthew 5:13 Matthew 5:13 13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under foot of men.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 9 50 Salt is good: but if the salt have lost his saltness, wherewith will ye season it? Have salt in yourselves, and have peace one with another. [~!Note: Here is an example of how the sermon in Matthew is chopped up and distributed around in Mark and Luke]	B-70: Luke 14:34-35 M-53: Luke 14:34-35 Luke 14:34 34 Salt therefore is good: but if even the salt have lost its savor, wherewith shall it be seasoned? 35 It is fit neither for the land nor for the dunghill: (men) cast it out. {M: omits He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. ASV
B-71: Matthew 18:12-13 M-54: Matthew 18:12-13 12 How think ye? if any man have a hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and go unto the mountains, and seek that which goeth astray? 13 And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth over it more than over the ninety and nine which have not gone astray.		B-71: Luke 15:4-7 M-54: Luke 15:4-6 4 What man of you, having a hundred sheep, and having lost one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it? 5 And when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing.  6 And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and his neighbors, saying unto them, Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost. M: Omit Luke 15:7 7 I say unto you, that even so there shall be joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, (more) than over ninety and nine righteous persons, who need no repentance. ASV
	{~! Inconsistent. Only found in Luke}	B-72: Luke 15:8-10 M-54: Luke 15:8-9 8 Or what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a lamp, and sweep the house, and seek diligently until she find it? 9 And when she hath found it, she calleth together her friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with me, for I have found the piece which I had lost. M: Omit Luke 15:10 10 Even so, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. ASV
B-73: Matthew 6:24 M-55: Matthew 6:24 24 No man can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.		B-73: Luke 16:13 M-55: Luke 16:13 13 No servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.
B-25: Matt 11:12-13 M-56: Matt 11:12-13 12 And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and men of violence take it by force. 13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.		B-25: Luke 16:16 M-56: Luke 16:16 16 The law and the prophets (were) until John: from that time the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached, and every man entereth violently into it.
M: Omit Matt 11:14-15 14 And if ye are willing to receive (it,) this is Elijah, that is to come. 15 He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.	{~! Inconsistent. Only found in Matthew}
B-74: Matthew 5:18 M-56: Matthew 5:18 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass away from the law, till all things be accomplished. ASV		B-74: Luke 16:17 M-56: Luke 16:17 17 But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away, than for one tittle of the law to fall. ASV
{B: Omits Matthew 5:31 Matthew  5:31 31 It was said also, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement:} B-75: Matthew 5:32 M-56: Matthew 5:32 32 but I say unto you, that every one that putteth away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress: and whosoever shall marry her when she is put away committeth adultery.	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 10 11 And he saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her: 12 and if she herself shall put away her husband, and marry another, she committeth adultery.	B-75: Luke 16:18 M-56: Luke 16:18 18 Every one that putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and he that marrieth one that is put away from a husband committeth adultery.
B-76: Matthew 18:6-7 Matthew 18: M-57: Matthew 18:6-7 6 But whoso shall cause one of these little ones that believe on me to stumble, it is profitable for him that a great millstone should be hanged about his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depth of the sea. 7 Woe unto the world because of occasions of stumbling! for it must needs be that the occasions come; but woe to that man through whom the occasion cometh! ASV	{~! Inconsistent.  Mark contains similar material} Mark 9: 42 And whosoever shall cause one of these little ones that believe on me to stumble, it were better for him if a great millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea.	B-76: Luke 17:1-2 M-57: Luke 17:1-2 1 And he said unto his disciples, It is impossible but that occasions of stumbling should come; but woe unto him, through whom they come! 2 It were well for him if a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were thrown into the sea, rather than that he should cause one of these little ones to stumble.
B-77: Matthew 18:15 M-58: Matthew 18:15 15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. B-77: Matthew 18:21-22 21 Then came Peter and said to him, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? until seven times? 22 Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times; but, Until seventy times seven. ASV		B-77: Luke 17:3-4 M-58: Luke 17:3-4 3 Take heed to yourselves: If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him; and if he repent, forgive him.  4 And if he trespass against thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn again to thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt forgive him.
B-78: Matthew 17:20 M-59: Matthew 17:20 20 And he saith unto them, Because of your little faith: for verily I say unto you, If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you. ASV		B-78: Luke 17:6 M-59: Luke 17:6 6 And the Lord said, If ye had faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye would say unto this sycamine tree, Be thou rooted up, and be thou planted in the sea; and it would obey you. ASV
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	B-79: Luke 17:20-21 20 And being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God cometh, he answered them and said, The kingdom of God cometh not with observation: 21 neither shall they say, Lo, here! or, there! for lo, the kingdom of God is within you. ASV
K-21: Matthew 24:26-28 B-80: Matthew 24:26 26 If therefore they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the wilderness; go not forth: Behold, he is in the inner chambers; believe (it) not.		K-22: Luke 17:22-37 B-80: Luke 17:22-26 M-60: Luke 17:22-26 22 And he said unto the disciples, The days will come, when ye shall desire to see one of the days of the Son of man, and ye shall not see it. 23 And they shall say to you, Lo, there! Lo, here! go not away, nor follow after (them):
K-21: Matthew 24:27-28 B: Ommitted 24:27-28 M-60: Matthew 14:27 27 For as the lightning cometh forth from the east, and is seen even unto the west; so shall be the coming of the Son of man.] 28 For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together.	{~! Note Luke 17:25 speaks of the suffering and rejection of Christ.}	K-22: Luke 17:22-37 B-80: Luke 17:22-26 M-60: Luke 17:22-26 24 For as the lightning, when it lighteneth out of the one part under the heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall the Son of man be in his day. 25 But first must he suffer many things and be rejected of this generation.
K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 B-80: Matthew 24:37-41 M-60: Matthew 24:37-41 37 And as (were) the days of Noah, so shall be the coming of the Son of man. 38 For as in those days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, 39 and they knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall be the coming of the Son of man.		K-22: Luke 17:22-37 B-80: Luke 17:22-26 M-60: Luke 17:22-26 26 And as it came to pass in the days of Noah, even so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man.
B-80: Matthew 24:37-41 M-60: Matthew 24:37-39 K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 37 And as (were) the days of Noah, so shall be the coming of the Son of man. 38 For as in those days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, 39 and they knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall be the coming of the Son of man.		K-22: Luke 17:22-37 B: Omits Luke 17:27-30 M-60: Luke 17:27-30 27 They ate, they drank, they married, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all. 28 Likewise even as it came to pass in the days of Lot; they ate, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; 29 but in the day that Lot went out from Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all: 30 after the same manner shall it be in the day that the Son of man is revealed. }
M-60: Matthew 24:40 B-80: Matthew 24:37-41 K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 40 Then shall two man be in the field; one is taken, and one is left:		B-80: Luke 17:34 K-22: Luke 17:22-37 34 I say unto you, in that night there shall be two men on one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left.
M-60: Matthew 24:40 B-80: Matthew 24:37-41 K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 41 two women (shall be) grinding at the mill; one is taken, and one is left.		M-60: Luke 17:35-37 K-22: Luke 17:22-37 35 There shall be two women grinding together; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left.
M-60: Matthew 24:40 B-80: Matthew 24:37-41 K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 40 Then shall two man be in the field; one is taken, and one is left:		M-60: Luke 17:35-37 K-22: Luke 17:22-37 (Note: only in ASV) 36 (There shall be two men in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left.)
K-21: Matthew 24:37-41 M-60: Matthew 24:28 28 Wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together. ASV		M-60: Luke 17:35-37 K-22: Luke 17:22-37 37 And they answering say unto him, Where, Lord? And he said unto them, Where the body (is), thither will the eagles also be gathered together. ASV
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	K-23: Luke 19:11-28 B: Omits: Luke 19:11 M: Omits: Luke 19:11 11 And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and (because) they supposed that the kingdom of God was immediately to appear.
K-23: Matthew 25:14-30 B-81: Matthew 25:14-30 M-61: Matthew 25:14-29 14 For (it is) as (when) a man, going into another country, called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. 15 And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, to another one; to each according to his several ability; and he went on his journey. 16 Straightway he that received the five talents went and traded with them, and made other five talents. 17 In like manner he also that (received) the two gained other two. 18 But he that received the one went away and digged in the earth, and hid his lord's money. 19 Now after a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and maketh a reckoning with them. 20 And he that received the five talents came and brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: lo, I have gained other five talents. 21 His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many things; enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 22 And he also that (received) the two talents came and said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: lo, I have gained other two talents. 23 His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many things; enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 24 And he also that had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art a hard man, reaping where thou didst not sow, and gathering where thou didst not scatter; 25 and I was afraid, and went away and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, thou hast thine own. 26 But his lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I did not scatter; 27 thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the bankers, and at my coming I should have received back mine own with interest. 28 Take ye away therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him that hath the ten talents. 29 For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken away. {M: omits Matthew 25:30 30 And cast ye out the unprofitable servant into the outer darkness: there shall be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth. ASV	{~!Note: here we have another example of an account that has some similar features but almost no common phraseology.}	K-23: Luke 19:11-28 B-81: Luke 19:12-23 M-61: Luke 19:12-23?? {12 He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country, to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return. 13 And he called ten servants of his, and gave them ten pounds, and said unto them, Trade ye (herewith) till I come. 14 But his citizens hated him, and sent an ambassage after him, saying, We will not that this man reign over us. 15 And it came to pass, when he was come back again, having received the kingdom, that he commanded these servants, unto whom he had given the money, to be called to him, that he might know what they had gained by trading. 16 And the first came before him, saying, Lord, thy pound hath made ten pounds more. 17 And he said unto him, Well done, thou good servant: because thou wast found faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities. 18 And the second came, saying, Thy pound, Lord, hath made five pounds. 19 And he said unto him also, Be thou also over five cities. 20 And another came, saying, Lord, behold, (here is) thy pound, which I kept laid up in a napkin: 21 for I feared thee, because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that which thou layedst not down, and reapest that which thou didst not sow. 22 He saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I am an austere man, taking up that which I laid not down, and reaping that which I laid not down, and reaping that which I did not sow; 23 then wherefore gavest thou not my money into the bank, and I at my coming should have required it with interest?
	{~Inconsistent.  Only found in Luke}	B & M: Omits Luke 19:24-26 24 And he said unto them that stood by, Take away from him the pound, and give it unto him that hath the ten pounds. 25 And they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds. 26 I say unto you, that unto every one that hath shall be given; but from him that hath not, even that which he hath shall be taken away from him.
B & M: Omits: Matthew 21:40-41 40 When therefore the lord of the vineyard shall come, what will he do unto those husbandmen? 41 They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those miserable men, and will let out the vineyard unto other husbandmen, who shall render him the fruits in their seasons. ASV		B & M: Omits Luke 19:27-28 27 But these mine enemies, that would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me. 28 And when he had thus spoken, he went on before, going up to Jerusalem. ASV
B-82: Matthew 19:28 M-62: Matthew 19:28 28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.	{~!Note: as in many of the above, the authors arbitrarily leave out many things while choosing things from one or the other text.}	B-82: Luke 22:28-30 28 But ye are they that have continued with me in my temptations; 29 and I appoint unto you a kingdom, even as my Father appointed unto me, M-62: Luke 22:30 30 that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
Matthew 23:8-12 8 But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your teacher, and all ye are brethren. 9 And call no man your father on the earth: for one is your Father, (even) he who is in heaven. 10 Neither be ye called masters: for one is your master, (even) the Christ. 11 But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.		Luke: 22:24 And there was also a strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest.  25 And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors.  26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.  27 For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am among you as he that serveth.

ARGUMENTS FOR “Q”: {SELECTED}

1. If Luke used Matthew we could expect much less special material in Matthew and Luke.

2. Matthew and Luke do not agree in order and wording against Mark. If one used the other, we would expect more agreement in the order and wording in Matthew and Luke when they differ from Mark.

3. The material common to Matthew and Luke but not in Mark is in a different order in Matthew and Luke, and often Luke's form seems less developed. Matthew has the sayings material in five main blocks (Matthew 5-7, 10, 13, 18, 23-25), while Luke has it quite evenly dispersed (Luke 3-19). This difference in distribution is hard to explain if one used the other.

4. Further, once the non-Markan material shared by Matthew and Luke is isolated, it seems to have a good deal of internal coherence in form and content, far more than L or M.

5. Finally, the discovery of the Gospel of Thomas in 1945 silenced those who claimed that there was no analogy in early Christianity for a collection of Jesus sayings without a narrative framework. For these and some other reasons, the great majority of scholars have concluded that Matthew and Luke independently used a separate source for the common material they did not derive from Mark.

Although Q seems to be, in Michael Goulder's term, a "juggernaut" in modern scholarship," 5 there are at least four other explanations for the similarities of Matthew and Luke against Mark that deny the existence of Q.

1. The first is the "two-gospel hypothesis," stoutly espoused by William R. Farmer and his associates. It argues that Matthew was written first, that Luke then used Matthew as a main source, and that Mark abridged both of them.

2. The second is the "multiplestage hypothesis" of M. E. Boismard.47 This highly intricate theory postulates that four written sources of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and Q formed the beginning of the Gospel tradition. Then two of these documents became what Boismard terms "Intermediate Mark" and "Intermediate Matthew" Next, a Proto-Luke emerged with Q material and Intermediate Matthew material. Finally, parts of Intermediate Mark influenced the present forms of Matthew and Luke, and the present form of Mark uses Proto-Luke and Intermediate Matthew

3. The third hypothesis is from Michael Goulder, who has argued that Luke used the Gospel of Matthew and combined it with Mark. Goulder views the special material of Luke as Lukan development of Matthew, and he argues that both the special material of Matthew and what others call Q are Matthew's development of Mark. On his theory, Q is not necessary, so Goulder denies its existence. Goulder here expands the work of Austin Farrer.

4. Finally, Bo Reicke tried to explain the agreements among the Synoptics, including what others called Q, as parallels arising from oral tradition, not from written documents.'" The Gospel writers had no contact with each other or with other written sources like Q.

     These alternative theories are rightly rejected by most scholars as inadequate.

Two (those of Farmer and Goulder) depend on Matthean priority. That Matthew was written first is of course possible, but the theory of Matthean priority cannot adequately explain why Mark would use Matthew so oddly, expanding some of Matthew's material so fully and at the same time radically cutting other parts, such as more than half of Jesus' teaching in Matthew. Neither does the theory of Matthean priority explain why so much of Luke is special material; that this material represents Luke's development of Matthew is simply not credible, given its different content and emphases.

In addition, Boismard's hypothesis impresses most scholars as unnecessarily complex, a violation of the scholarly principle that the simplest explanation is to be preferred. Most scholars rightly conclude about Reicke's theory that the high degree of word-for-word similarity among the Synoptics cannot be explained by oral development alone of the Jesus tradition. As for Reicke's corollary that the Gospel writers used no written sources, Luke 1:1-4 explicitly testifies that the author knew other sources, which makes it possible that he used them. The two-source hypothesis with its postulation of Q is therefore, despite some lingering problems, to be preferred to these four alternative hypotheses as the simplest and best explanation of Synoptic origins and relationships. The case for Q is far stronger than any rival theory of Synoptic relationships. Q remains a hypothesis, and like every hypothesis it deserves to be tested constantly.  However, it has been a fruitful working hypothesis and will likely remain so.